In a study of 235 incident dialysis patients, those who took iron supplements had a 78% decreased risk of death over a median follow-up of 34 months. They also had a 69% reduced risk of death due to cardiovascular and sepsis-related causes. Increasing ferritin concentrations in patients with normal C-reactive protein was associated with a decreased risk of death, whereas in patients with elevated C-reactive protein values, ferritin levels >800 ng/mL were linked with increased mortality. For the PLOS One study, 191 patients received intravenous iron, 13 patients received oral iron, and 31 patients never received iron supplements.
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